@article{wuni2024interaction,

title = {Interaction between genetic risk score and dietary fat intake on lipid-related traits in Brazilian young adults},

author = {Ramatu Wuni and Heyam Amerah and Serena Ammache and Nathália T Cruvinel and Nara R Silva and Gunter GC Kuhnle and Maria A Horst and Karani S Vimaleswaran},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39308196},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {British Journal of Nutrition},

pages = {1–15},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

keywords = {Brazil, Genetic risk score},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ottaviani2024reliance,

title = {Reliance on self-reports and estimated food composition data in nutrition research introduces significant bias that can only be addressed with biomarkers},

author = {Javier I Ottaviani and Virag Sagi-Kiss and Hagen Schroeter and Gunter GC Kuhnle},

url = {https://elifesciences.org/articles/92941},

doi = {10.7554/eLife.92941.3},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {eLife},

volume = {13},

pages = {RP92941},

publisher = {eLife Sciences Publications Limited},

abstract = {The chemical composition of foods is complex, variable, and dependent on many factors. This has a major impact on nutrition research as it foundationally affects our ability to adequately assess the actual intake of nutrients and other compounds. In spite of this, accurate data on nutrient intake are key for investigating the associations and causal relationships between intake, health, and disease risk at the service of developing evidence-based dietary guidance that enables improvements in population health. Here, we exemplify the importance of this challenge by investigating the impact of food content variability on nutrition research using three bioactives as model: flavan-3-ols, (–)-epicatechin, and nitrate. Our results show that common approaches aimed at addressing the high compositional variability of even the same foods impede the accurate assessment of nutrient intake generally. This suggests that the results of many nutrition studies using food composition data are potentially unreliable and carry greater limitations than commonly appreciated, consequently resulting in dietary recommendations with significant limitations and unreliable impact on public health. Thus, current challenges related to nutrient intake assessments need to be addressed and mitigated by the development of improved dietary assessment methods involving the use of nutritional biomarkers.},

keywords = {biomarkers, dietary assessment, epicatechin, flavanols, nitrate},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{visioli2023ultra,

title = {The ultra-processed foods hypothesis: a product processed well beyond the basic ingredients in the package},

author = {Francesco Visioli and Franca Marangoni and Vincenzo Fogliano and Daniele Del Rio and J Alfredo Martinez and Gunter Kuhnle and Judith Buttriss and Hugo Da Costa Ribeiro and Dennis Bier and Andrea Poli},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Nutrition Research Reviews},

volume = {36},

number = {2},

pages = {340–350},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

keywords = {Ultra-processed foods, upf},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ottaviani2023measuring,

title = {Measuring the intake of dietary bioactives: Pitfalls and how to avoid them},

author = {Javier I Ottaviani and Hagen Schroeter and Gunter GC Kuhnle},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Molecular Aspects of Medicine},

volume = {89},

pages = {101139},

publisher = {Pergamon},

keywords = {biomarkers, flavanols},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{kuhnle2023time,

title = {Time to wake up sleeping beauty: stable isotope ratios},

author = {Gunter GC Kuhnle},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {The Journal of Nutrition},

volume = {153},

number = {7},

pages = {1848–1849},

publisher = {Elsevier},

keywords = {biomarkers, stable isotope ratios},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{brickman2023dietary,

title = {Dietary flavanols restore hippocampal-dependent memory in older adults with lower diet quality and lower habitual flavanol consumption},

author = {Adam M Brickman and Lok-Kin Yeung and Daniel M Alschuler and Javier I Ottaviani and Gunter GC Kuhnle and Richard P Sloan and Heike Luttmann-Gibson and Trisha Copeland and Hagen Schroeter and Howard D Sesso and others},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37252983/},

doi = {10.1073/pnas.2216932120},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},

volume = {120},

number = {23},

pages = {e2216932120},

publisher = {National Academy of Sciences},

abstract = {Dietary flavanols are food constituents found in certain fruits and vegetables that have been linked to cognitive aging. Previous studies suggested that consumption of dietary flavanols might specifically be associated with the hippocampal-dependent memory component of cognitive aging and that memory benefits of a flavanol intervention might depend on habitual diet quality. Here, we tested these hypotheses in the context of a large-scale study of 3,562 older adults, who were randomly assigned to a 3-y intervention of cocoa extract (500 mg of cocoa flavanols per day) or a placebo [(COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study) COSMOS-Web, NCT04582617]. Using the alternative Healthy Eating Index in all participants and a urine-based biomarker of flavanol intake in a subset of participants [n = 1,361], we show that habitual flavanol consumption and diet quality at baseline are positively and selectively correlated with hippocampal-dependent memory. While the prespecified primary end point testing for an intervention-related improvement in memory in all participants after 1 y was not statistically significant, the flavanol intervention restored memory among participants in lower tertiles of habitual diet quality or habitual flavanol consumption. Increases in the flavanol biomarker over the course of the trial were associated with improving memory. Collectively, our results allow dietary flavanols to be considered in the context of a depletion-repletion paradigm and suggest that low flavanol consumption can act as a driver of the hippocampal-dependent component of cognitive aging.},

keywords = {flavanols, hippocampus},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{jung2023haemoglobin,

title = {Haemoglobin levels as a predictor for the occurrence of future cardiovascular events in adults–Sex-dependent results from the EPIC trial},

author = {Christian Jung and Ralf Erkens and Patricia Wischmann and Kerstin Piayda and Malte Kelm and Gunter Kuhnle},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37563040},

doi = {10.1016/j.ejim.2023.08.004},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {European journal of internal medicine},

volume = {118},

pages = {118–124},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Background: The impact of hemoglobin levels on the occurrence of future health events remains equivocal. Due to its integral role in human hemostasis, both, high and low hemoglobin levels may play a significant role in the development of future cardiovascular (CV) events in otherwise healthy adults. 

Methods: Data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-InterAct cohort was analyzed. In 13.648 individuals, physical activity, body mass index, family history of cardiovascular events, kidney function, smoking status, blood pressure and LDL levels were modelled to concomitant hemoglobin levels and correlated to the occurrence of clinically-overt cardiovascular events and death over a 21-year period. (Sex specific) cox regression analysis were used to develop hazard ratios (HRs) for CV events and all-cause mortality. Results: Anemia (hemoglobin (HGB) levels < 13.0 g/dl in men and < 12.0 g/dl in non-pregnant women) were associated with an increased all-cause mortality in men but not in women (HR anemia in men 1.4 (1.2; 1.6)) p=<0.0001).This was particularly visible with increasing age. Various sex specific Cox regression models, accounting for several CV risk factors confirmed these results. The incidence of future CV events and myocardial infarction was significantly influenced by underlying HGB levels in men with increasing age but not in women. 

Conclusion: The influence of HGB levels on future cardiovascular events is sex-dependent. In men, presenting with anemia at baseline, the overall survival probability was impaired with increasing age. After adjusting for several CV risk factors, abnormal hemoglobin levels could be identified as a risk factor for the development of clinically-apparent future CV events in men. None of these effects were observed in women.},

keywords = {anaemia, cardiovascular event},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ottaviani2023impact,

title = {Impact of polyphenol oxidase on the bioavailability of flavan-3-ols in fruit smoothies: a controlled, single blinded, cross-over study},

author = {Javier I Ottaviani and Jodi L Ensunsa and Reedmond Y Fong and Jennifer Kimball and Valentina Medici and Gunter GC Kuhnle and Alan Crozier and Hagen Schroeter and Catherine Kwik-Uribe},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37615673/},

doi = {10.1039/d3fo01599h},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Food & Function},

volume = {14},

number = {18},

pages = {8217–8228},

publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},

abstract = {Flavan-3-ols are bioactive compounds found in a variety of fruits and vegetables (F&V) that have been linked to positive health benefits. Increasing habitual flavan-3-ol intake is challenged by the generally low consumption of F&V. While smoothies are a commonly endorsed, consumer-accepted means to increase the daily intake of these important foods, fruits used for smoothie preparation can have a high polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and thus potentially affect the content and bioavailability of flavan-3-ols. To assess whether or not consuming freshly prepared smoothies made with different PPO-containing fruit impacts the bioavailability of the flavan-3-ols, a controlled, single blinded and cross-over study was conducted in healthy men (n = 8) who consumed a flavan-3-ol-containing banana-based smoothie (high-PPO drink), a flavan-3-ol-containing mixed berry smoothie (low-PPO drink) and flavan-3-ols in a capsule format (control). The peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of flavan-3-ol metabolites after capsule intake was 680 $±$ 78 nmol L-1, which was similar to the levels detected after the intake of the low PPO drink. In contrast, the intake of the high PPO drink resulted in a Cmax of 96 $±$ 47 nmol L-1, 84% lower than that obtained after capsule intake. In a subsequent study (n = 11), flavan-3-ols were co-ingested with a high-PPO banana drink but contact prior to intake was prevented. In this context, plasma flavan-3-ol levels were still reduced, suggesting an effect possibly related to post-ingestion PPO activity degrading flavan-3-ols in the stomach. There was a substantial range in the PPO activity detected in 18 different fruits, vegetables and plant-derived dietary products. In conclusion, bioavailability of flavan-3-ols, and most likely other dietary polyphenol bioactives, can be reduced substantially by the co-ingestion of high PPO-containing products, the implications of which are of importance for dietary advice and food preparation both at home and in industrial settings.},

keywords = {biomarkers, epicatechin, flavanols, polyphenol oxidase},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{lang2023mediating,

title = {The mediating role of obesity on the prospective association between urinary sucrose and diabetes incidence in a sub-cohort of the EPIC-Norfolk},

author = {Alexander Lang and Oliver Kuss and Tim Filla and Gunter Kuhnle and Sabrina Schlesinger},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Nutrition & Diabetes},

volume = {13},

number = {1},

pages = {14},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK London},

keywords = {biomarkers, obestity, sucrose},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{momma20235b,

title = {5-(3′, 4′-Dihydroxyphenyl)-𝜸-Valerolactone Is a Substrate for Human Paraoxonase: A Novel Pathway in Flavan-3-ol Metabolism},

author = {Tony Y Momma and Gunter GC Kuhnle and Reedmond Y Fong and Jodi L Ensunsa and Alan Crozier and Hagen Schroeter and Javier I Ottaviani},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37423968/},

doi = {10.1002/mnfr.202300281},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

abstract = {Scope: Dietary flavan-3-ols are known to mediate cardiovascular benefits. Currently, it is assumed that the levels of flavan-3-ol catabolites detected in humans, 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone (γVL) and 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valeric acid (γVA), and their corresponding phase II metabolites, are determined exclusively by the action of the gut microbiome. However, a family of human proteins, paraoxonase (PON), can theoretically hydrolyze γVL metabolites into the corresponding γVAs. This study aims to determine if PON is involved in γVL and γVA metabolism in humans. Methods and results: A rapid conversion of γVL into γVA is detected in serum ex vivo (half-life = 9.8 $±$ 0.3 min) that is catalyzed by PON1 and PON3 isoforms. Phase II metabolites of γVL are also reacted with PON in serum. Following an intake of flavan-3-ol in healthy males (n = 13), the profile of γVA metabolites detected is consistent with that predicted from the reactivity of γVL metabolites with PON in serum. Furthermore, common PON polymorphisms are evaluated to assess the use of γVL metabolites as biomarkers of flavan-3-ol intake. 

Conclusion: PONs are involved in flavan-3-ol metabolic pathway in humans. PON polymorphisms have a minor contribution to inter-individual differences in the levels of γVL metabolites, without affecting their use as a nutritional biomarker.},

keywords = {absorption, epicatechin, flavanols, paraoxonase},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{cheeseman2023elevated,

title = {Elevated concentrations of Neu5Ac and Neu5, 9Ac2 in human plasma: potential biomarkers of cardiovascular disease},

author = {Jack Cheeseman and Concepcion Badia and Georgia Elgood-Hunt and Richard A Gardner and Duong N Trinh and Marco P Monopoli and Gunter Kuhnle and Daniel IR Spencer and Helen MI Osborn},

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37991561/},

doi = {10.1007/s10719-023-10138-3},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Glycoconjugate Journal},

volume = {40},

number = {6},

pages = {645–654},

publisher = {Springer US New York},

abstract = {Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a group of health conditions affecting the heart and vascular system with very high prevalence and mortality rates. The presence of CVD is characterised by high levels of inflammation which have previously been associated with increased plasma concentrations of N-acetyl neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). While Neu5Ac has been studied in the context of CVD, Neu5,9Ac2 has not, despite being the second most abundant sialic acid in human plasma. A small-scale pilot study of thirty plasma samples from patients with diagnosed CVD, and thirty age and sex-matched healthy controls, was designed to gain insight into sialic acids as biomarkers for CVD and potential future areas of study. Each sample was assayed for Neu5Ac and Neu5,9Ac2 concentrations. Mean Neu5Ac and Neu5,9Ac2 concentrations were significantly elevated in patients with CVD compared to healthy controls (Neu5Ac: P < 0.001; Neu5,9Ac2: P < 0.04). Receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis indicated that both Neu5Ac and Neu5,9Ac2 have reasonable predictive power for the presence of CVD (Neu5Ac AUC: 0.86; Neu5,9Ac2 AUC: 0.71). However, while Neu5Ac had both good sensitivity (0.82) and specificity (0.81), Neu5,9Ac2 had equivalent specificity (0.81) but very poor sensitivity (0.44). A combination marker of Neu5Ac + Neu5,9Ac2 showed improvement over Neu5Ac alone in terms of predictive power (AUC: 0.93), sensitivity (0.87), and specificity (0.90). Comparison to a known inflammatory marker, high sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP: P-value: NS, ROC:0.50) was carried out, showing that both Neu5Ac and Neu5,9Ac2 outperformed this marker. Further to this, hs-CRP values were combined with the three different sialic acid markers to determine any effect on the AUC values. A slight improvement in AUC was noted for each of the combinations, with Neu5Ac + Neu5,9Ac2 + hs-CRP giving the best AUC of 0.97 overall. Thus, Neu5Ac would appear to offer good potential as a predictive marker for the presence of CVD, which the addition of Neu5,9Ac2 predictive power improves, with further improvement seen by the addition of hs-CRP.},

keywords = {biomarkers, sialic acid},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{wuni2022nutrigenetic,

title = {A nutrigenetic update on CETP gene–diet interactions on lipid-related outcomes},

author = {Ramatu Wuni and Gunter GC Kuhnle and Alexandra Azzari Wynn-Jones and Karani Santhanakrishnan Vimaleswaran},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Current Atherosclerosis Reports},

volume = {24},

number = {2},

pages = {119–132},

publisher = {Springer US New York},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{cheeseman2022quantitative,

title = {Quantitative Standards of 4-O-Acetyl-and 9-O-Acetyl-N-Acetylneuraminic Acid for the Analysis of Plasma and Serum},

author = {Jack Cheeseman and Concepcion Badia and Rebecca I Thomson and Gunter Kuhnle and Richard A Gardner and Daniel IR Spencer and Helen MI Osborn},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Chembiochem},

volume = {23},

number = {5},

pages = {e202100662},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{albuloshi2022effectiveness,

title = {The effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in reducing depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)},

author = {T Albuloshi and CA Dimala and GGC Kuhnle and M Bouhaimed and GF Dodd and JPE Spencer},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Nutrition and Healthy Aging},

volume = {6},

number = {4},

pages = {301–318},

publisher = {SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{wuni2022impact,

title = {Impact of lipid genetic risk score and saturated fatty acid intake on central obesity in an asian Indian population},

author = {Ramatu Wuni and Evelyn Adela Nathania and Ashok K Ayyappa and Nagarajan Lakshmipriya and Kandaswamy Ramya and Rajagopal Gayathri and Gunasekaran Geetha and Ranjit Mohan Anjana and Gunter GC Kuhnle and Venkatesan Radha and others},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Nutrients},

volume = {14},

number = {13},

pages = {2713},

publisher = {MDPI},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{trinh2022biomolecular,

title = {Biomolecular corona stability in association with plasma cholesterol level},

author = {Duong N Trinh and Meda Radlinskaite and Jack Cheeseman and Gunter Kuhnle and Helen MI Osborn and Paula Meleady and Daniel IR Spencer and Marco P Monopoli},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Nanomaterials},

volume = {12},

number = {15},

pages = {2661},

publisher = {MDPI},

keywords = {biomarkers, sialic acid},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{kuhnle2022rough,

title = {From rough diamond to polished gem},

author = {Gunter GC Kuhnle},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {The Journal of Nutrition},

volume = {152},

number = {9},

pages = {2009–2010},

publisher = {Elsevier},

keywords = {biomarkers, stable isotope ratios},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{crowe2022flavan,

title = {Flavan-3-ols and Cardiometabolic Health: a Guideline Recommendation by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.},

author = {Kristi M Crowe-White and Levi W Evans and Gunter GC Kuhnle and Dragan Milenkovic and Kim Stote and Taylor Wallace and Deepa Handu and Katelyn E Senkus},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)},

pages = {nmac105–nmac105},

keywords = {dietary recommendations, flavanols},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ramne2021gut,

title = {Gut microbiota composition in relation to intake of added sugar, sugar-sweetened beverages and artificially sweetened beverages in the Malmö Offspring Study},

author = {Stina Ramne and Louise Brunkwall and Ulrika Ericson and Nicola Gray and Gunter GC Kuhnle and Peter M Nilsson and Marju Orho-Melander and Emily Sonestedt},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {European Journal of Nutrition},

volume = {60},

pages = {2087–2097},

publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{cheeseman2021assays,

title = {Assays for the identification and quantification of sialic acids: challenges, opportunities and future perspectives},

author = {Jack Cheeseman and Gunter Kuhnle and Daniel IR Spencer and Helen MI Osborn},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry},

volume = {30},

pages = {115882},

publisher = {Pergamon},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{della2021prospective,

title = {The prospective association of dietary sugar intake in adolescence with risk markers of type 2 diabetes in young adulthood},

author = {Karen A Della Corte and Katharina Penczynski and Gunter Kuhnle and Ines Perrar and Christian Herder and Michael Roden and Stefan A Wudy and Thomas Remer and Ute Alexy and Anette E Buyken},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Nutrition},

volume = {7},

pages = {615684},

publisher = {Frontiers Media SA},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{kuhnle2021take,

title = {Take my breath away: Measuring sugar intake in exhaled air},

author = {Gunter GC Kuhnle},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {The Journal of Nutrition},

volume = {151},

number = {3},

pages = {457–458},

publisher = {Elsevier},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{perrar2021relevance,

title = {Relevance of fructose intake in adolescence for fatty liver indices in young adulthood},

author = {Ines Perrar and Anette E Buyken and Katharina J Penczynski and Thomas Remer and Gunter G Kuhnle and Christian Herder and Michael Roden and Karen Della Corte and Ute Nöthlings and Ute Alexy},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {European Journal of Nutrition},

pages = {1–13},

publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{sinha2021effects,

title = {Effects of processed meat and drinking water nitrate on oral and fecal microbial populations in a controlled feeding study},

author = {Rashmi Sinha and Ni Zhao and James J Goedert and Doratha A Byrd and Yunhu Wan and Xing Hua and Autumn G Hullings and Rob Knight and Simone Breda and Karen Mathijs and others},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Environmental research},

volume = {197},

pages = {111084},

publisher = {Academic Press},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{kuhnle2021essentially,

title = {Essentially essential},

author = {Gunter GC Kuhnle},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition},

volume = {113},

number = {5},

pages = {1073–1074},

publisher = {Elsevier},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{cheeseman2021sialic,

title = {Sialic acid as a potential biomarker for cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer},

author = {Jack Cheeseman and Gunter Kuhnle and Graham Stafford and Richard A Gardner and Daniel IR Spencer and Helen MI Osborn},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Biomarkers in Medicine},

volume = {15},

number = {11},

pages = {911–928},

publisher = {Future Medicine Ltd London, UK},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{de2021study,

title = {A study of the bioactive potential of seven neglected and underutilized leaves consumed in Brazil},

author = {Thais Cristina Lima De Souza and Tayse Ferreira Ferreira Da Silveira and Maria Isabel Rodrigues and Ana Lucia Tasca Gois Ruiz and Daniela Andrade Neves and Marta Cristina Teixeira Duarte and Elenice Carla Emidio Cunha-Santos and Gunter Kuhnle and Alessandra Braga Ribeiro and Helena Teixeira Godoy},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Food chemistry},

volume = {364},

pages = {130350},

publisher = {Elsevier},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{fong2021validation,

title = {Validation of a high-throughput method for the quantification of flavanol and procyanidin biomarkers and methylxanthines in plasma by UPLC-MS},

author = {Reedmond Y Fong and Gunter GC Kuhnle and Alan Crozier and Hagen Schroeter and Javier I Ottaviani},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Food & Function},

volume = {12},

number = {17},

pages = {7762–7772},

publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{van2021replacement,

title = {Replacement of nitrite in meat products by natural bioactive compounds results in reduced exposure to N-Nitroso compounds: the PHYTOME project},

author = {Simone G Breda and Karen Mathijs and Harm-Jan Pieters and Virág Sági-Kiss and Gunter G Kuhnle and Panagiotis Georgiadis and Giovanna Saccani and Giovanni Parolari and Roberta Virgili and Rashmi Sinha and others},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Molecular nutrition & food research},

volume = {65},

number = {20},

pages = {2001214},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{muriuki2021association,

title = {The association between leafy vegetable consumption and incidence of metabolic syndrome and its symptoms: a systematic review of randomised controlled and observational trials},

author = {EN Muriuki and B Celik and GGC Kuhnle and CE Mills},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Proceedings of the Nutrition Society},

volume = {80},

number = {OCE5},

pages = {E222},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{celik2021impact,

title = {The impact of inorganic nitrate consumption on endothelial function measured by flow-mediated dilatation: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials},

author = {B Celik and EN Muriuki and GGC Kuhnle and JPE Spencer and CE Mills},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Proceedings of the Nutrition Society},

volume = {80},

number = {OCE5},

pages = {E229},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{thogersen2020inulin,

title = {Inulin-fortification of a processed meat product attenuates formation of nitroso compounds in the gut of healthy rats},

author = {Rebekka Thøgersen and Nicola Gray and Gunter Kuhnle and Thomas Van Hecke and Stefaan De Smet and Jette Feveile Young and Ulrik Kræmer Sundekilde and Axel Kornerup Hansen and Hanne Christine Bertram},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Food chemistry},

volume = {302},

pages = {125339},

publisher = {Elsevier},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{da2020effect,

title = {Effect of solvent composition on the extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of bacaba juice (Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.)},

author = {Tayse Ferreira Ferreira Silveira and Micael Andrade Lima and Adriana Dillenburg Meinhart and Gunter GC Kuhnle and Helena Teixeira Godoy},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Food Analytical Methods},

volume = {13},

pages = {1119–1128},

publisher = {Springer US},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{perrar2020sugar,

title = {Sugar intake among German adolescents: trends from 1990 to 2016 based on biomarker excretion in 24-h urine samples},

author = {Ines Perrar and Nicola Gray and Gunter G Kuhnle and Thomas Remer and Anette E Buyken and Ute Alexy},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {British journal of nutrition},

volume = {124},

number = {2},

pages = {164–172},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ramne2020comparing,

title = {Comparing self-reported sugar intake with the sucrose and fructose biomarker from overnight urine samples in relation to cardiometabolic risk factors},

author = {Stina Ramne and Nicola Gray and Sophie Hellstrand and Louise Brunkwall and Sofia Enhörning and Peter M Nilsson and Gunnar Engström and Marju Orho-Melander and Ulrika Ericson and Gunter GC Kuhnle and others},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in nutrition},

volume = {7},

pages = {62},

publisher = {Frontiers Media SA},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{thogersen2020inulinb,

title = {Inulin and milk mineral fortification of a pork sausage exhibits distinct effects on the microbiome and biochemical activity in the gut of healthy rats},

author = {Rebekka Thøgersen and Josué L Castro-Mejía and Ulrik Kræmer Sundekilde and Lars H Hansen and Nicola Gray and Gunter Kuhnle and Niklas Rye Jørgensen and Axel Kornerup Hansen and Dennis Sandris Nielsen and Hanne Christine Bertram},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Food chemistry},

volume = {331},

pages = {127291},

publisher = {Elsevier},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ottaviani2020biomarker,

title = {Biomarker-estimated flavan-3-ol intake is associated with lower blood pressure in cross-sectional analysis in EPIC Norfolk},

author = {Javier I Ottaviani and Abigail Britten and Debora Lucarelli and Robert Luben and Angela A Mulligan and Marleen A Lentjes and Reedmond Fong and Nicola Gray and Philip B Grace and Deborah H Mawson and others},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Scientific reports},

volume = {10},

number = {1},

pages = {17964},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK London},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{flanagan2020nutrition,

title = {Nutrition and the ageing brain: Moving towards clinical applications},

author = {Emma Flanagan and Daniel Lamport and Lorraine Brennan and Philip Burnet and Vittorio Calabrese and Stephen C Cunnane and Martijn C De Wilde and Louise Dye and Jonathan A Farrimond and Nancy Emerson Lombardo and others},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Ageing Research Reviews},

volume = {62},

pages = {101079},

publisher = {Elsevier},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{kristek2019oat,

title = {Oat bran, but not its isolated bioactive β-glucans or polyphenols, have a bifidogenic effect in an in vitro fermentation model of the gut microbiota},

author = {Angelika Kristek and Maria Wiese and Patrizia Heuer and Ondrej Kosik and Manuel Y Schär and Gulten Soycan and Sarah Alsharif and Gunter GC Kuhnle and Gemma Walton and Jeremy PE Spencer},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {British Journal of Nutrition},

volume = {121},

number = {5},

pages = {549–559},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{berends2019consumption,

title = {Consumption of nitrate-rich beetroot juice with or without vitamin C supplementation increases the excretion of urinary nitrate, nitrite, and N-nitroso compounds in humans},

author = {Julia E Berends and Lauri MM Berg and Martina A Guggeis and Nikki FT Henckens and Israt J Hossein and Minke EJR Joode and Hossy Zamani and Kirsten AAJ Pelt and Nicky A Beelen and Gunter G Kuhnle and others},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},

volume = {20},

number = {9},

pages = {2277},

publisher = {MDPI},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{efsa2019re,

title = {Re-evaluation of phosphoric acid–phosphates–di-, tri-and polyphosphates (E 338–341, E 343, E 450–452) as food additives and the safety of proposed extension of use},

author = {EFSA Panel Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) and Maged Younes and Gabriele Aquilina and Laurence Castle and Karl-Heinz Engel and Paul Fowler and Maria Jose Frutos Fernandez and Peter Fürst and Rainer Gürtler and Trine Husøy and others},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {EFSA Journal},

volume = {17},

number = {6},

pages = {e05674},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ferreira2019anthocyanins,

title = {Anthocyanins, non-anthocyanin phenolics, tocopherols and antioxidant capacity of acai juice (Euterpe oleracea) as affected by high pressure processing and thermal pasteurization},

author = {Tayse Ferreira Ferreira Silveira and Marcelo Cristianini and Gunter George Kuhnle and Alessandra Braga Ribeiro and Jose Teixeira Filho and Helena Teixeira Godoy},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {INNOVATIVE FOOD SCIENCE & EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES},

volume = {55},

pages = {88–96},

publisher = {ELSEVIER SCI LTD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB~…},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ottaviani2019evaluation,

title = {Evaluation of (-)-epicatechin metabolites as recovery biomarker of dietary flavan-3-ol intake},

author = {Javier I Ottaviani and Reedmond Fong and Jennifer Kimball and Jodi L Ensunsa and Nicola Gray and Anna Vogiatzoglou and Abigail Britten and Debora Lucarelli and Robert Luben and Philip B Grace and others},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Scientific reports},

volume = {9},

number = {1},

pages = {13108},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK London},

keywords = {biomarkers, dietary assessment, epicatechin, flavanols},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{kuhnle2019stable,

title = {Stable isotope ratios—nutritional biomarkers of long-term intake?},

author = {Gunter GC Kuhnle},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition},

volume = {110},

number = {6},

pages = {1265–1267},

publisher = {Elsevier},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{van2019impact,

title = {Impact of high drinking water nitrate levels on the endogenous formation of apparent N-nitroso compounds in combination with meat intake in healthy volunteers},

author = {Simone G Breda and Karen Mathijs and Virág Sági-Kiss and Gunter G Kuhnle and Ben Van Veer and Rena R Jones and Rashmi Sinha and Mary H Ward and Theo M Kok},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Health},

volume = {18},

pages = {1–12},

publisher = {BioMed Central},

keywords = {cancer, nitrate},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{efsa2018safetyd,

title = {Safety in use of glucosylated steviol glycosides as a food additive in different food categories},

author = {EFSA Panel Food Additives and Nutrient Sources Food (EFSA ANS Panel) and Maged Younes and Peter Aggett and Fernando Aguilar and Riccardo Crebelli and Birgit Dusemund and Metka Filipič and Maria Jose Frutos and Pierre Galtier and Ursula Gundert-Remy and others},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {EFSA Journal},

volume = {16},

number = {2},

pages = {e05181},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{efsa2018re,

title = {Re-evaluation of silicon dioxide (E 551) as a food additive},

author = {EFSA Panel Food Additives and Nutrient Sources Food (ANS) and Maged Younes and Peter Aggett and Fernando Aguilar and Riccardo Crebelli and Birgit Dusemund and Metka Filipič and Maria Jose Frutos and Pierre Galtier and David Gott and others},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Efsa Journal},

volume = {16},

number = {1},

pages = {e05088},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{efsa2018safetye,

title = {Safety of the proposed amendment of the specifications of the food additive steviol glycosides (E 960)},

author = {EFSA Panel Food Additives and Nutrient Sources Food (EFSA ANS Panel) and Maged Younes and Peter Aggett and Fernando Aguilar and Riccardo Crebelli and Birgit Dusemund and Metka Filipič and Maria Jose Frutos and Pierre Galtier and Ursula Gundert-Remy and others},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {EFSA Journal},

volume = {16},

number = {3},

pages = {e05236},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{efsa2018rec,

title = {Re-evaluation of propane-1, 2-diol (E 1520) as a food additive},

author = {EFSA Panel Food Additives and Nutrient Sources Food (ANS) and Maged Younes and Peter Aggett and Fernando Aguilar and Riccardo Crebelli and Birgit Dusemund and Metka Filipič and Maria Jose Frutos and Pierre Galtier and David Gott and others},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {EFSA Journal},

volume = {16},

number = {4},

pages = {e05235},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}