2023
Ottaviani, Javier I; Ensunsa, Jodi L; Fong, Reedmond Y; Kimball, Jennifer; Medici, Valentina; Kuhnle, Gunter GC; Crozier, Alan; Schroeter, Hagen; Kwik-Uribe, Catherine
Impact of polyphenol oxidase on the bioavailability of flavan-3-ols in fruit smoothies: a controlled, single blinded, cross-over study Journal Article
In: Food & Function, vol. 14, no. 18, pp. 8217–8228, 2023.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: biomarkers, epicatechin, flavanols, polyphenol oxidase
@article{ottaviani2023impact,
title = {Impact of polyphenol oxidase on the bioavailability of flavan-3-ols in fruit smoothies: a controlled, single blinded, cross-over study},
author = {Javier I Ottaviani and Jodi L Ensunsa and Reedmond Y Fong and Jennifer Kimball and Valentina Medici and Gunter GC Kuhnle and Alan Crozier and Hagen Schroeter and Catherine Kwik-Uribe},
url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37615673/},
doi = {10.1039/d3fo01599h},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
urldate = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Food & Function},
volume = {14},
number = {18},
pages = {8217–8228},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
abstract = {Flavan-3-ols are bioactive compounds found in a variety of fruits and vegetables (F&V) that have been linked to positive health benefits. Increasing habitual flavan-3-ol intake is challenged by the generally low consumption of F&V. While smoothies are a commonly endorsed, consumer-accepted means to increase the daily intake of these important foods, fruits used for smoothie preparation can have a high polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and thus potentially affect the content and bioavailability of flavan-3-ols. To assess whether or not consuming freshly prepared smoothies made with different PPO-containing fruit impacts the bioavailability of the flavan-3-ols, a controlled, single blinded and cross-over study was conducted in healthy men (n = 8) who consumed a flavan-3-ol-containing banana-based smoothie (high-PPO drink), a flavan-3-ol-containing mixed berry smoothie (low-PPO drink) and flavan-3-ols in a capsule format (control). The peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of flavan-3-ol metabolites after capsule intake was 680 $±$ 78 nmol L-1, which was similar to the levels detected after the intake of the low PPO drink. In contrast, the intake of the high PPO drink resulted in a Cmax of 96 $±$ 47 nmol L-1, 84% lower than that obtained after capsule intake. In a subsequent study (n = 11), flavan-3-ols were co-ingested with a high-PPO banana drink but contact prior to intake was prevented. In this context, plasma flavan-3-ol levels were still reduced, suggesting an effect possibly related to post-ingestion PPO activity degrading flavan-3-ols in the stomach. There was a substantial range in the PPO activity detected in 18 different fruits, vegetables and plant-derived dietary products. In conclusion, bioavailability of flavan-3-ols, and most likely other dietary polyphenol bioactives, can be reduced substantially by the co-ingestion of high PPO-containing products, the implications of which are of importance for dietary advice and food preparation both at home and in industrial settings.},
keywords = {biomarkers, epicatechin, flavanols, polyphenol oxidase},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Flavan-3-ols are bioactive compounds found in a variety of fruits and vegetables (F&V) that have been linked to positive health benefits. Increasing habitual flavan-3-ol intake is challenged by the generally low consumption of F&V. While smoothies are a commonly endorsed, consumer-accepted means to increase the daily intake of these important foods, fruits used for smoothie preparation can have a high polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and thus potentially affect the content and bioavailability of flavan-3-ols. To assess whether or not consuming freshly prepared smoothies made with different PPO-containing fruit impacts the bioavailability of the flavan-3-ols, a controlled, single blinded and cross-over study was conducted in healthy men (n = 8) who consumed a flavan-3-ol-containing banana-based smoothie (high-PPO drink), a flavan-3-ol-containing mixed berry smoothie (low-PPO drink) and flavan-3-ols in a capsule format (control). The peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of flavan-3-ol metabolites after capsule intake was 680 $±$ 78 nmol L-1, which was similar to the levels detected after the intake of the low PPO drink. In contrast, the intake of the high PPO drink resulted in a Cmax of 96 $±$ 47 nmol L-1, 84% lower than that obtained after capsule intake. In a subsequent study (n = 11), flavan-3-ols were co-ingested with a high-PPO banana drink but contact prior to intake was prevented. In this context, plasma flavan-3-ol levels were still reduced, suggesting an effect possibly related to post-ingestion PPO activity degrading flavan-3-ols in the stomach. There was a substantial range in the PPO activity detected in 18 different fruits, vegetables and plant-derived dietary products. In conclusion, bioavailability of flavan-3-ols, and most likely other dietary polyphenol bioactives, can be reduced substantially by the co-ingestion of high PPO-containing products, the implications of which are of importance for dietary advice and food preparation both at home and in industrial settings.